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5.6 I can recall what crude oil is made from
a.Define the word hydrocarbon?
A compound which contains hydrogen and carbon.
b.Crude oil is a mixture of many hydrocarbons.
c. What is crude oil made from?
It is made out of many hydrocarbons.
d. How long does it take to make?
It takes about 150 million years.
e. Where does the energy originally come from?
It originally comes from the sun.
f. How is crude oil different from coal?
Crude oil is different from coal because it does not contain hydrocarbon and it is made from dead plants and animals in the sea.
g. Crude oil, coal and natural gas are collectively known as fossil fuels.
h. How is crude oil transported when it is extracted from the ground?
It is taken either by a oil tank or pipeline.
A compound which contains hydrogen and carbon.
b.Crude oil is a mixture of many hydrocarbons.
c. What is crude oil made from?
It is made out of many hydrocarbons.
d. How long does it take to make?
It takes about 150 million years.
e. Where does the energy originally come from?
It originally comes from the sun.
f. How is crude oil different from coal?
Crude oil is different from coal because it does not contain hydrocarbon and it is made from dead plants and animals in the sea.
g. Crude oil, coal and natural gas are collectively known as fossil fuels.
h. How is crude oil transported when it is extracted from the ground?
It is taken either by a oil tank or pipeline.
3.4 I can recall the products of the complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons are called alkanes.
Small chain molecules are used as fuels.
The reaction is called combustion.
The word equation for this chemical reaction is
fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy (heat, light, sound)
If there is insufficient oxygen then the word equation is:
fuel +inefficient oxygen -> water + carbon monoxide + energy (heat,light,sound)
The problem with this reaction is that carbon monoxide is produced this gas is a poison to the human body.
Where can you find incomplete combustion?
You can find incomplete combustion in car engines.
What is used to reduce the harmful products from incomplete combustion?
During incomplete combustion a smoky flame is often seen, explain this observation.
Describe the chemical test for carbon dioxide gas?
Limewater turns milky.
Describe a physical test for water?
Heating water in a beaker, and it's boiling point will be 100 degrees.
Small chain molecules are used as fuels.
The reaction is called combustion.
The word equation for this chemical reaction is
fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy (heat, light, sound)
If there is insufficient oxygen then the word equation is:
fuel +inefficient oxygen -> water + carbon monoxide + energy (heat,light,sound)
The problem with this reaction is that carbon monoxide is produced this gas is a poison to the human body.
Where can you find incomplete combustion?
You can find incomplete combustion in car engines.
What is used to reduce the harmful products from incomplete combustion?
During incomplete combustion a smoky flame is often seen, explain this observation.
Describe the chemical test for carbon dioxide gas?
Limewater turns milky.
Describe a physical test for water?
Heating water in a beaker, and it's boiling point will be 100 degrees.
3.2 & 3.3 Recall that alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2/draw displayed formula for alkanes with up to five carbon atoms in a molecule, and name the straight-chain isomers
1. First Five Alkanes:
2. What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
3. Describe and explain the trend in boiling point.
As the number of carbons increases the boiling point also increases.
CnH2n+2
3. Describe and explain the trend in boiling point.
As the number of carbons increases the boiling point also increases.
3.1 Explain the terms homologous series, hydrocarbons, saturated, unsaturated, general formula and isomerism
Definitions:
Homologous series-
Is an alkane family of organic compounds.
Hydrocarbon-
Contain hydrogen and carbon only.
Saturated hydrocarbon-
Compounds with single bonds.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon-
Compounds with multiple bonds between carbon atoms
General formula-
CnH(2n+2)
Isomerism-
Are compounds with different display formula and same molecular formula.
Homologous series-
Is an alkane family of organic compounds.
Hydrocarbon-
Contain hydrogen and carbon only.
Saturated hydrocarbon-
Compounds with single bonds.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon-
Compounds with multiple bonds between carbon atoms
General formula-
CnH(2n+2)
Isomerism-
Are compounds with different display formula and same molecular formula.
5.12 I can recall the problems associated with the fractional distillation of crude oil
1. When crude oil undergoes fractional distillation there are too many long chain hydrocarbons (eg. bitumen ) produced and not enough short chain hydrocarbons (eg. petrol)
2. To solve these problems the long chain hydrocarbons undergo a chemical reaction called cracking.
2. To solve these problems the long chain hydrocarbons undergo a chemical reaction called cracking.
5.11 I can recall how nitrogen oxides are formed in car engines
a. Combustion equation:
Fuel + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy
b. During combustion the nitrogen in air can react to form what gases?
Nitrogen in air reacts and forms nitrogen oxide.
c. What condition is necessary for this reaction to take place?
For the reaction to take place you need high temperature.
d. In what common object is this condition found?
A high temperature.
e. Why is this condition needed for nitrogen to react?
It is needed because nitrogen is an inert.
f. What are the dangers of the products from this reaction?
Nitric acid is formed which is one of the compounds used in acid rain.
5.10 I can recall the problems associated with incomplete combustion
1.What are the properties of carbon monoxide?
It is a colorless, odorless and poisons.
2.Explain how carbon monoxide is formed?
Carbon monoxide id formed when combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen.
3. Explain why carbon monoxide is poisonous?
It is poisons because it reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen.
5.9 I can describe the trend in boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
a. What is the trend in boiling point of the fractions?
Each fraction has a different boiling point and has you go up the fractionating column the temperature goes from high to low.
b. Define viscosity?
The state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency because of internal friction.
c. What is the trend in viscosity of the fractions?
The viscosity becomes thicker as you go down the fractional column for each fraction.
d. What is the trend in colour of the fractions?
The fractions are range from dark to light as you go up the column.
e. Why is crude oil separated into fractions?
Crude oil is separated into fractions so that it could be used.
f. What process is used to separate crude oil into fractions?
Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil.
g. What physical property allows this process to work?
The fact that each fraction has a their own boiling point.
source of definition for viscosity: dictionary.com
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