1. When crude oil undergoes fractional distillation there are too many long chain hydrocarbons (eg. bitumen ) produced and not enough short chain hydrocarbons (eg. petrol)
2. To solve these problems the long chain hydrocarbons undergo a chemical reaction called cracking.
5.11 I can recall how nitrogen oxides are formed in car engines
a. Combustion equation:
Fuel + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy
b. During combustion the nitrogen in air can react to form what gases?
Nitrogen in air reacts and forms nitrogen oxide.
c. What condition is necessary for this reaction to take place?
For the reaction to take place you need high temperature.
d. In what common object is this condition found?
A high temperature.
e. Why is this condition needed for nitrogen to react?
It is needed because nitrogen is an inert.
f. What are the dangers of the products from this reaction?
Nitric acid is formed which is one of the compounds used in acid rain.
5.10 I can recall the problems associated with incomplete combustion
1.What are the properties of carbon monoxide?
It is a colorless, odorless and poisons.
2.Explain how carbon monoxide is formed?
Carbon monoxide id formed when combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen.
3. Explain why carbon monoxide is poisonous?
It is poisons because it reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen.
5.9 I can describe the trend in boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
a. What is the trend in boiling point of the fractions?
Each fraction has a different boiling point and has you go up the fractionating column the temperature goes from high to low.
b. Define viscosity?
The state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency because of internal friction.
c. What is the trend in viscosity of the fractions?
The viscosity becomes thicker as you go down the fractional column for each fraction.
d. What is the trend in colour of the fractions?
The fractions are range from dark to light as you go up the column.
e. Why is crude oil separated into fractions?
Crude oil is separated into fractions so that it could be used.
f. What process is used to separate crude oil into fractions?
Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil.
g. What physical property allows this process to work?
The fact that each fraction has a their own boiling point.
source of definition for viscosity: dictionary.com
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